Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride and essential oil mouthwashes in reducing plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Intan Suhana MA, Farha A, Hassan BM. Inflammation of the gums. Malays Fam Physician. 2020;15:71–3.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89:S17–S27.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Heitz-Mayfield LJA. Conventional diagnostic criteria for periodontal diseases (plaque-induced gingivitis and periodontitis). Periodontol. 2000 2024;95:10–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Toshniwal SH, Reche A, Bajaj P, Maloo LM. Status quo in mechanical plaque control then and now: a review. Cureus. 2022;14:e28613.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aykol-Sahin G, Ay-Kocabas B, Mert B, Usta H. Effectiveness of different types of toothbrushes on periodontal health in orthodontic patients with gingivitis: a randomized controlled study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:1289.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Erbe C, Klees V, Ferrari-Peron P, Ccahuana-Vasquez RA, Timm H, Grender J, et al. A comparative assessment of plaque removal and toothbrushing compliance between a manual and an interactive power toothbrush among adolescents: a single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:130.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson P, Lindhe J, Nyström B. On the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Results of a 15-year longitudinal study in adults. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18:182–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Poppolo Deus F, Ouanounou A. Chlorhexidine in dentistry: pharmacology, uses, and adverse effects. Int Dent J. 2022;72:269–77.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, Harding M, Lamont T, Cheung A, et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3.

  • Weller SR, Burnell JE, Aho BM, Obeng B, Ledue EL, Shim JK, et al. Antimicrobial cetylpyridinium chloride causes functional inhibition of mitochondria as potently as canonical mitotoxicants, nanostructural disruption of mitochondria, and mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux in living rodent and primary human cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024;186:114547.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao X, Auer DL, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Hellwig E, et al. Cetylpyridinium chloride: mechanism of action, antimicrobial efficacy in biofilms, and potential risks of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64:e00576-20.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuță DC, Limban C, Chiriță C, Chifiriuc MC, Costea T, Ioniță P, et al. Contribution of essential oils to the fight against microbial biofilms—a review. Processes. 2021;9:537.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookes Z, McGrath C, McCullough M. Antimicrobial mouthwashes: an overview of mechanisms-what do we still need to know?. Int Dent J. 2023;73:S64–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Witt JJ, Walters P, Bsoul S, Gibb R, Dunavent J, Putt M. Comparative clinical trial of two antigingivitis mouthrinses. Am J Dent. 2005;18:15A–7A.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert-Kiszely A, Pjetursson BE, Salvi GE, Witt J, Hamilton A, Persson GR, et al. Comparison of the effects of cetylpyridinium chloride with an essential oil mouth rinse on dental plaque and gingivitis – a six-month randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:658–67.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Amini P, Araujo MW, Wu MM, Charles CA, Sharma NC. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial. Braz Oral Res. 2009;23:319–25.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma NC, Araujo MW, Wu MM, Qaqish J, Charles CH. Superiority of an essential oil mouthrinse when compared with a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthrinse: a six-month study. Int Dent J. 2010;60:175–80.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles CA, McGuire JA, Sharma NC, Qaqish J. Comparative efficacy of two daily use mouthrinses: randomized clinical trial using an experimental gingivitis model. Braz Oral Res. 2011;25:338–44.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Shang H, Costa R, Charles CA. Gingival health benefits of essential-oil and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinses: a 6-month randomized clinical study. Am J Dent. 2014;27:119–26.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias-Boneta AR, Toro MJ, Noboa J, Romeu FL, Mateo LR, Ahmed R, et al. Efficacy of CPC and essential oils mouthwashes compared to a negative control mouthwash in controlling established dental plaque and gingivitis: A 6-week, randomized clinical trial. Am J Dent. 2015;28:21A–6A.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Balk EM, Chung M, Chen ML, Trikalinos TA, Kong Win Chang L Assessing the Accuracy of Google Translate To Allow Data Extraction From Trials Published in Non-English Languages. Methods Research Report. AHRQ Publication No. 12-EHC145-EF (2013).

  • Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10:ED000142.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gramholm A, Alhazzani W, Moller M. Use of the GRADE approach in systematic reviews and guidelines. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123:554–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Moran J, Addy M, Kohut B, Hovliaras CA, Newcombe RG. Efficacy of mouthrinses in inhibiting the development of supragingival plaque over a 4-day period of no oral hygiene. J Periodontol. 1994;65:904–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Wu MM, Simmons K, Charles CA. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int. 2012;43:e82–94.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Parikh-Das AM, Sharma NC, Du Q, Charles CA. Superiority of essential oils versus 0.075% CPC-containing mouthrinse: a two-week randomized clinical trial. J Clin Dent. 2013;24:94–9.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles CA, Cortelli JR, Aquino D, Revankar R, Wu MM. Gingival health benefits of essential oil, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride and control mouthrinses: A 4-week randomized clinical study. Am J Dent. 2015;28:197–202.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards D. Effect of essential oil mouthwashes on plaque and gingivitis. Evid Based Dent. 2017;18:39–40.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Langa GPJ, Cavagni J, Muniz FWMG, Oballe HJR, Friedrich SA, Nicolini AC, et al. Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride with zinc lactate compared with essential oil mouthrinses: Randomized clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2021;152:105–14.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaneva BK, Dermendzhieva YB, Mutafchieva MZ, Stamenov NV, Kavlakova LB, Tanev MZ, et al. Randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness of mouthwashes based on essential oils, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and prebiotic in gingivitis treatment. Folia Med ((Plovdiv)). 2022;64:588–95.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Navabi N, Afshari Z, Kamyabi H, Mohammadi M. Side effects and short effects of using three common mouthwashes on oral health and quality of life: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2024;22:681–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguilera FR, Viñas M, Sierra JM, Vinuesa T, R Fernandez de Henestrosa A, Furmanczyk M, et al. Substantivity of mouth-rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O-cymen-5-ol: a randomized-crossover trial. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:646.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouhayoun JP. Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouthwash. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30:10–2.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Escribano M, Figuero E, Martín C, Tobías A, Serrano J, Roldán S, et al. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta-analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. J Clin Peri-odontol. 2016;43:1059–73.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunsolley JC. A meta-analysis of six-month studies of antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:1649–57.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa X, Laguna E, Herrera D, Serrano J, Alonso B, Sanz M. Efficacy of a new mouth rinse formulation based on 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride in the control of plaque and gingivitis: a 6-month randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:1007–15.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen DR, Davies R, Bradshaw B, Ellwood R, Simone AJ, Robinson R, et al. Efficacy of a mouthrinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride for the control of plaque and gingivitis: a 6-month clinical study in adults. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1998;19:20–6.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RF, Rodasti PC, Tichnor A, Lio YL. Comparative study of four over-the-counter mouthrinses claiming antiplaque and/or antigingivitis benefits. Clin Prev Dent. 1991;13:30–3.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stookey GK, Beiswanger B, Mau M, Isaacs RL, Witt JJ, Gibb R. A 6-month clinical study assessing the safety and efficacy of two cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinses. Am J Dent. 2005;18:24A–8A.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta V, Pant VA, Pandey S, Pant AB. Efficacy and safety evaluation of alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinses: A clinicocytological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2021;25:128–32.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yano Y, Vogtmann E, Shreves AH, Weinstein SJ, Black A, Diaz-Mayoral N, et al. Evaluation of alcohol-free mouthwash for studies of the oral microbiome. PLoS One. 2023;18:e0284956.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • van Swaaij BWM, Van der Weijden GA, Smith RJ, Timmerman MF, Slot DE. Essential oils mouthwash with or without alcohol in relation to effect on parameters of plaque and gingivitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2025;23:186–202.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    By admin

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *