Contributing authors:
Christina Calleros, MS, RDH
Justine Ponce, MS, RDH
We all know colleagues who have struggled with neck or back pain, or who have had surgery for conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Dental hygienists have been subject to work-related injuries like musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) since the profession began, and this is due to operator position.
This two-part article will delve into the research on selecting ergonomic tools and equipment. This first article discusses ways to decrease ergonomic risk for MSDs related to back and neck pain, and part two will examine ways to prevent carpel tunnel syndrome.
MSDs defined
MSDs affect the bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues, resulting in pain and/or loss of function.1 Common MSDs in dental hygiene include carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic neck pain, and lower back pain. These injuries are linked to occupations with repetitive motions, long durations of awkward postures, and stress.2
Dental hygienists encounter all these things daily. A 2022 study revealed that 91% of the dental hygienists surveyed were suffering or had suffered from a work-related MSD.3 Considering the staggering prevalence of MSDs, something must be done to reduce the risk. A stronger focus on ergonomics may be the key to addressing this significant issue.
Back and neck pain are among the top-reported MSDs for dental hygienists.4 A 2019 study examined MSD pain among 87 dental workers in Slovenia and found that the most frequent areas of recurring pain were the neck (60.7%), upper back (52.4%), and lower back (41.7%).4 Excess leaning, twisting, and bending puts the body in unnatural positions, placing more pressure and stress on the back and neck. A neutral posture is ideal for minimizing ergonomic risk and preventing MSDs. There are three key areas where dental hygienists can make ergonomic improvements: chair design, loupes, and operatory layout.
Saddle vs. traditional stool
Dental hygienists sit for prolonged periods of time. Therefore, it’s crucial to ensure their seated position is aligned with ergonomic principles. Based on ergonomic recommendations, radiographic studies, and research from physical therapists, it’s been demonstrated that an ergonomic sitting posture means sitting with a slight anterior tilt of the lower back and pelvis, as well as a slight lower back lordosis.5
The traditional dental stools used in most practices place the dental provider in a 90-degree sitting position, which causes a posterior pelvic tilt that is contrary to the recommended position.5 Saddle stools, on the other hand, have been shown to cause a more anterior tilt than traditional dental stools, placing the body in a more ergonomic posture.5,6
link